Ch. 23 Supplements
Requirements
- Table 23.6 on page 164 is very important. It will show up in exams. You must be able to reproduce the entire table.
- While memorizing the table, you may use the names of the stems for help.
- For instance, "Niphal" written in Hebrew is נִפְעַל, using פעל as the root.
- Now, replace פעל with קטל, we will have נִקְטַל in Niphal Qatal 3ms.
- Both Tables 21.4 and 23.6 may be tested in future exams.
- Important Note:
- Qamets and Qamets Hatuph are different vowels! You must type Qamats Hatuph for the Hophal paradigms. See this page on typing Qamets and Qamets Hatuph.
Others
- Why using פעל for the stem names and קטל for the paradigms?
- Early grammarians used פעל for paradigms
- But ע is a guttural letter which causes problems when it would take a dagesh forte.
- For instance, "Piel" is theoretically פִּעֵּל.
- As you have already known, Ayin will reject the dagesh forte and cause the previous vowel to be lengthened.
- Consequently, the real form should be פֵּעֵל.
- This is not a good choice for the base of the paradigms!
- Later grammarians did not like it and used קטל instead because קטל is a strong verb.
- As a result, we have קִטֵּל in Piel Qatal 3ms, following the pattern of the theoretical form פִּעֵּל instead of the real form פֵּעֵל.
- But the terminology for the stems is so popular so that most grammars still keep Niphal, Piel etc.
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Paradigm Practice